Oxford University#history#oxford

 

Oxford University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world. Founded in the 12th century, it has a rich and fascinating history that spans over 900 years. In this essay, we will explore the history of Oxford University

The origins of Oxford University can be traced back to the late 11th century when a group of scholars, mainly from France, came to England seeking refuge from the Norman Conquest. These scholars settled in Oxford and established a school for teaching Latin and theology. This school grew in reputation, and by the 12th century, it had become a university.

In 1167, King Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. This led to a surge in the number of students at Oxford, and by the end of the 12th century, it had become the preeminent university in England. The University was granted a royal charter by King Henry III in 1248, which gave it the right to self-governance and to confer degrees.

During the Middle Ages, the University was divided into two factions: the northern and southern scholars. The northern scholars were mainly from Scotland and the north of England, while the southern scholars were from the south of England and Wales. These two factions often clashed, and in 1355, a major riot broke out between them, which resulted in the death of many students.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the University grew in size and reputation. It attracted students from all over Europe, and many famous scholars and thinkers studied and taught there. Among the most famous alumni of Oxford University from this period are William of Ockham, Roger Bacon, John Wycliffe, and Thomas Aquinas.

During the Tudor period, Oxford University continued to flourish. It was during this time that the University established the Bodleian Library, one of the oldest and most famous libraries in the world. The Bodleian Library was founded by Sir Thomas Bodley in 1602, and it now holds over 13 million items, including manuscripts, books, and maps.

In the 17th century, Oxford University played a key role in the scientific revolution. Many famous scientists and thinkers studied and taught at the University, including Robert Boyle, Christopher Wren, and John Locke. Oxford was also the birthplace of the Royal Society, which was founded in 1660 and played a crucial role in the advancement of science in England.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Oxford University underwent significant reforms. In 1800, the University abolished religious tests for admission, which had previously required students to be members of the Church of England. This led to a surge in the number of non-Anglican students and faculty members.

In the 19th century, the University expanded its curriculum to include new subjects such as modern languages, science, and economics. This period also saw the construction of many new buildings and the establishment of several new colleges, including St. Catherine's College and Somerville College.

In the 20th century, Oxford University continued to grow and evolve. It played a key role in World War II, serving as a center for military intelligence and scientific research. Many famous scholars and thinkers studied and taught at the University during this time, including C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, and Stephen Hawking.

Today, Oxford University is one of the world's leading academic institutions. It is made up of over 40 colleges and halls, and it has a student population of over 23,000. The University is renowned for its research and scholarship in a wide range of disciplines, including the humanities, sciences, social sciences, and medicine.

In conclusion, Oxford University has a long and fascinating history that